Musings: Did The Oil Sands Win Over Europeans With Report?

Last week the battle over the "dirty" oil from the oil sands reached a crescendo with the release of a study claiming that on a global scale, oil sands carbon emissions are not as bad as those that would be released by burning all the world's coal resources. Moreover, the study's conclusion shows oil sands emissions are actually less than those from other heavy crude oils being burned.

This report came merely days before a decision requiring greater environmental offsets for use of the fuel was to be rendered by the European Union (EU) Fuel Quality Directive Committee composed of experts from each of the 27 member countries of the EU. This committee was considering a proposal to revise the EU Fuel Quality Directive that has a mandatory target for fuel producers and suppliers to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2) by 6% from 2010 levels by 2020.

The study's conclusion shows oil sands emissions are actually less than those from other heavy crude oils being burned.

While the proposal would not have banned the importation and use of oil sands bitumen, it would have assigned it a carbon footprint that is 23% greater than that of conventional crude oil. This would force users of oil sands bitumen to make significant improvements in their operations to offset the additional carbon emissions or buy green credits from others under the mandatory greenhouse gas reduction target.

For all practical purposes, the ruling would have been the equivalent of a ban. For Canada, this would be a problem as other governments around the world might use the EU determination as grounds to ban or restrict the use of this bitumen. That would shrink the markets available for this rapidly expanding output, with potentially significant implications for Canada's and Alberta's economy and employment.

The Committee failed to approve the policy as the vote was 89 for, 128 against with 128 abstentions. The Committee was using a qualified majority voting system that awards more votes to larger country members. Belgium, Germany, France, Cyprus, the Netherlands, Portugal and the U.K. all abstained. Had the proposal received 255 votes the ruling would have gone immediately into law. The proposal will now be considered in June by the Council of Europe, which is composed of the ministers from the 27 member countries in the EU.....Read the entire "Musings From the Oil Patch" article.

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Musings: Imagining The Future for The Natural Gas Industry

A week ago Monday, the December natural gas futures contract traded on the CME exchange closed out its existence at $3.36 per thousand cubic feet of gas (Mcf), down $0.18 from the closing price of $3.54/Mcf posted the previous trading day, which happened to be the Friday after Thanksgiving and a notoriously light trading day. Natural gas prices had been buoyed in the period immediately before Thanksgiving by expectations that colder than normal weather over large parts of the gas consuming areas of the country would hike demand.

Futures prices were higher despite large and growing natural gas storage volumes. On that last trading day, cold weather prospects had shifted in favor of expectations for warmer than anticipated temperatures and thus depressed gas demand. The price drop, one of the largest daily corrections in a long time, brought further pain to industry participants. But as one private equity investor very active in the upstream oil and gas business put it, "It's got to change!" Yes, it will. The problem is that it could get worse!

The price drop, one of the largest daily corrections in a long time, brought further pain to industry participants

We've been spending considerable time wrestling with trying to define the natural gas industry's outlook as it is very important for this country's economy and for those people who are actively engaged in the business. Could it get worse? Can it get better? Current industry conditions reflect a certain Jekyll and Hyde quality, activity is up and growing but the price for the product is low and falling. What would it take for natural gas prices to recover? Would those actions help or hurt future industry activity?

Beyond those immediate concerns, we are wrestling with what the next phase for the industry might look like? How will the industry change as it transitions from its current state to whatever that next phase is? Will natural gas play an even greater role in our nation's power generation business? Can natural gas power a meaningful segment of our future car and truck fleet? Will the U.S. remain a natural gas importer or become a significant gas exporter?

These and many other questions have been filling our head and dominating our discussions with people in the business. To try to make sense of what is happening now, but more importantly what might happen in the future, we felt we needed to step back and take a very high level perspective of the business and current trends. It meant we needed to get away from the trees that restrict our view of the forest. (It will take several articles to examine these issues and attempt to define how the future might unfold.)

So far this year, it becomes clear we have experienced two distinctly different outlooks for the industry.

When we look at a chart of the price of the near month natural gas futures contract (Exhibit 1) so far this year, it becomes clear we have experienced two distinctly different outlooks for the industry. One was predicated on optimism about a growing economic recovery coupled with anticipation for falling natural gas production. The other view was marked by a weak economy with a potential for it getting worse given global economic and credit market uncertainties, coupled with growing frustration over continuing production growth despite weak natural gas prices.......Read the entire "Musings From The Oil Patch" article


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Musings: Upcoming Winter Could Be A Repeat Of Last Year's Winter

Recently, ImpactWeather, a Houston based weather forecasting and consulting firm, held a webinar in which they discussed their view of the weather trends that will impact temperatures and precipitation in the United States during both the next 30 days and the winter period of December through February. The bottom line is that the developing La Niña in the South Pacific Ocean is controlling the weather patterns. So far the pattern has allowed an active hurricane season to develop but has contributed to only a few of the storms entering the Gulf of Mexico and making landfall on the U.S. coast.

ImpactWeather showed a chart that contained the various global sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies that are influencing global weather patterns. ENSO (El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation) is probably the most prominent SST anomaly, but the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) Pattern, the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) Pattern and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) Pattern are also strong weather influencing factors. As shown in the accompanying chart (Exhibit 3), ENSO and PDO are in their cold phase while the AMO and IOD are in their warm phase.

Exhibit 4. La Niña Dominates Winter Weather
 
Source: ImpactWeather

The impact of the PDO and La Niña phases is best shown by the forecasts showing the deviation in temperatures that can be expected in the future as a result of these patterns. As shown in Exhibit 5, the 2011-2012 winter forecast shows that temperatures should average between 1°C and 1.4°C below normal. The forecast for November called for a 1.4°C lower temperature range, which would seem to be consistent with the cooling that has been experienced since late October. The chart shows a multitude of temperature forecasts generated by computer models, virtually all of them showing negative deviations. If one compares the forecasted temperatures for this winter with the temperatures experienced last winter (the far left side of the chart), they look similar, but the forecasted temperature anomalies don't show the move back to zero as experienced last summer. That would suggest that in the United States we may not experience the extreme heat witnessed last summer. That doesn't mean that the drought conditions will end, but lower temperatures would be a welcome relief......Read the entire Musings From The Oil Patch Article.


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Musings: NPC Is Extremely Optimistic About Natural Gas....If...

The National Petroleum Council [NPC] produced a draft report in mid September about the potential of North America's energy markets. The report titled: 'Prudent Development: Realizing the Potential of North America's Abundant Natural Gas and Oil Resources' highlights the prolific oil and gas resources available that may dramatically change the trend in domestic energy markets.

Although the report has not been officially reviewed by the NPC, which reserves the right to make significant changes to the draft report's conclusions (something we are not aware the NPC has ever done with previous reports), the message is that North America could become energy self sufficient, and possibly even an exporter of natural gas.

The message is that North America could become energy self sufficient, and possibly even an exporter of natural gas.

The report contained four conclusions about natural gas and oil and their impact on America's energy future. The conclusions were:

1) "the potential supply of North American natural gas is far bigger than was thought even a few years ago;"

2) "perhaps surprising to many – America's oil resources are also proving to be much larger than previously thought;"

3) "we need these natural gas and oil resources even as efficiency reduces energy demand and alternatives become more economically available on a large scale;" and

4) "realizing the benefits of natural gas and oil depends on environmentally responsible development." It is this latter conclusion that becomes the big "IF" in how America's and North America's energy market evolves.

Read the entire article at "Musings: NPC Is Extremely Optimistic About Natural Gas, If..."

Musings: Gas Shale Debate May Be Moving to Next Higher Stage

For the past 18-24 months, the debate about the economic performance of the gas shale revolution has been ongoing deep in the industry's trenches. Questions were originally raised by geologist Art Berman about the performance of natural gas shale wells writing in a column in an industry trade magazine, World Oil. The columns bothered certain managements of producers who were totally committed to gas shale developments.

As additional critical columns appeared using acceptable industry data analysis of the results of producing gas shale wells, these unhappy producers voiced their criticism to the publisher of World Oil. The pressure on Mr. Berman to drop the topic increased to the point that he elected to stop writing his column. World Oil's editor also left due to the pressure on Mr. Berman.

In late June, The New York Times published an article based on a number of emails between industry, government and investment professions discussing the latest gas shale data. Those exchanges focused on whether there might be a risk that the abundant volumes of natural gas trapped in the shales would not be developed because the cost of extracting them was actually far in excess of the current or even near term future gas price and that producers were misleading investors about gas shale economics.

If E&P companies were attracting the necessary investor funds to finance their gas shale developments predicated on assumptions that later proved overly optimistic, substantial financial losses could be experienced. Many of the participants in the email chains were long time students of the E&P industry and are aware of the history of producers destroying capital through poor management decisions......Read the entire article.



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Musings: Separating Wheat from The Chaff of Unconventionals

Increasingly, petroleum industry executives are speaking out about the significance of the unconventional hydrocarbon resources in this country, although they do not always agree about the longer term outlook for the resources. In some cases we question the extrapolations speakers are making about the importance of unconventional resources in the nation’s long range energy mix and, for that matter, the world’s mix.

Recently, several senior energy executives spoke at industry meetings about their views of these trends. One presentation that received media attention was by Mark Papa, CEO of EOG Resources, Inc. (EOG). His presentation was to a joint meeting of the Houston chapters of the IPAA and TIPRO. With respect to the success of unconventional drilling and production, Mr. Papa called it a “game changer” for the industry, something about which most industry participants would readily agree.

Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies have dramatically altered the near term supply picture and have forced energy prognosticators to recast their forecasting models. Most of them now are calling into question the need for the U.S. to import as many hydrocarbons as previously thought. Optimism is fine, but euphoria can be dangerous as it tends to create blind spots that become our downfall.

According to Mr. Papa, “There is clearly sufficient North American gas supply to last for a bunch of years; 50 years at least. And there is clearly no need for us to import LNG (liquefied natural gas) for multiple years to come.” At the present time, natural gas supplies are swamping the market due to the drop in demand associated with an overall decline in energy consumption due to the lasting effects of the recession and the surge in unconventional supply due to accelerated drilling dictated by the need for producers to hold leased acreage for which they have offered huge bonuses.......Read the entire article.


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Musings: Energy Stocks Have Mostly Trailed the Market This Year

The results of the November 2nd election and the recent Federal Reserve Bank’s announcement that it was embarking on another attempt to stimulate the economy by encouraging bank lending through a program to provide more liquidity to the banking system, known as the second quantitative easing, or QE2, have driven the stock market to levels that existed immediately before the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Accompanying the QE2 announcement, the worth of the United States dollar among world currencies fell in value helping to boost the price of commodities including crude oil. Natural gas prices in the U.S. have not benefited from the weakening dollar as the product is truly a local one.

When we look at the performance so far in 2010 for the overall stock market, as measured by the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Price Index, it has been solid. The S&P 500 index is up nearly 10% through the end of last week, and is at a level exceeding that achieved in late spring this year. But when we look at the performance of energy stocks, they have tended to lag the performance of the overall stock market despite the strong impetuous from commodity prices.

If we look at what has happened this year in energy markets, there have been two primary events that have shaped the business, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill disaster and the recovery in economy activity following the 2008-2009 recession. While energy demand has recovered from the drastic drop experienced last year due to the recession, the combination of rising supply and continued subpar economic growth and energy demand in the industrialized economies of the world has muted the magnitude of the oil price rise. Crude oil is denominated in U.S. dollars globally, and its price is impacted by the fluctuating value of the U.S. dollar. At various points in time during the year oil prices rose or fell sharply in response to movements in the value of the dollar, however, there was no sustained move in......Read the entire article.



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Musings: Iran Gaining Control of Iraq Without Firing A Shot?

In early July we wrote an article entitled “Middle East: Oil Industry’s And World’s Next Black Swan?” At that time all eyes in the oil industry and among American citizens were focused on the developments with BP’s Gulf of Mexico Macondo well, which was then spewing oil and creating one of the world’s worst environmental disasters. We suggested that maybe people should be scanning the horizon for the next industry Black Swan.

We went on to offer our best guess on what that Black Swan might be, the Middle East. We said that many people wouldn’t consider the Middle East to be a Black Swan, an unknowable and thus unanticipated event, but rather just an ignored developing trend. In that article we said: “A number of recent data points have emerged that suggest the Middle East may become a focal point of political and possibly military action before the end of the year, or maybe even earlier.”

We suggested that maybe people should be scanning the horizon for the next industry Black Swan
In July, the focus of Middle East developments was on when Iran might be able to complete building a nuclear weapon. That timetable is dependent upon the country’s ability to produce enriched uranium, which is being done in one or maybe more nuclear facilities. The buzz at that time among military and intelligence sources was that Israel was preparing an air strike to destroy Iran’s nuclear facilities as it had done a number of years earlier.

Supporting that view was Congressional testimony from Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and Central Intelligence Agency head Leon Panetta that Iran would be completing development of a nuclear weapon in one to two years time at the outside. Also revealed in Defense Secretary Gates’ testimony was that the U.S. had overhauled its NATO missile defense plans based on intelligence that Iran could fire “scores or hundreds” of missiles against Europe in salvoes rather than one or two at a time. Sec. Gates did not mention Israel in his testimony but clearly that nation is considerably closer to Iran than most of Europe......Read the entire article > Iran Gaining Control of Iraq Without Firing A Shot?



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Musings: Marcellus Shale....Good News Critique

In the last issue of the Musings, we wrote about good news and bad news for the development of the Marcellus gas shale deposit extending across New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and eastern Ohio. This deposit with its multiple shales is considered to be potentially the largest gas deposit in the United States. It’s economics are challenging as the area is hilly, the road access is less than ideal, the land holdings are fractured and the public is not necessarily enamored with oil and gas drilling activities, especially hydraulic fracturing, which is key to the successful development of gas shale deposits. Low natural gas prices are potentially the biggest hurdle for Marcellus gas profitability.

Our article discussed the recently released 12 month natural gas production data for wells in the Pennsylvania portion of the Marcellus through June. The data showed average cumulative production for Marcellus horizontal wells in the 5 county core area of the North Central and Northeast part of Pennsylvania. The new data shows solid production results, and in fact, the average well’s production slightly exceeded the expected production suggested by Chesapeake Energy (CHK-NYSE) in a 2008 investor presentation. That chart was presented to show the company’s anticipated well economics for its foray into the region. Pennsylvania has a long history of oil and gas having been the cradle of the U.S. oil business with.....Read the entire article.

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Growing Natural Gas Storage Fails to Slow Drilling

Natural gas production continues to grow while demand remains stagnant. As a result, the amount of natural gas flowing into storage continues to grow and generally at a faster pace than most commodity experts and petroleum analysts have been expecting. The latest weekly storage injection of 83 billion cubic feet (Bcf) exceeded analyst estimates by 3 Bcf. For the week ending April 30th, total gas in storage was 1.995 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), which was 5.1% ahead of the volume in storage at this time last year and 18.8% above the five-year average.

The latest weekly storage injection of 83 billion cubic feet (Bcf) exceeded analyst estimates by 3 Bcf.....

As shown by the chart below, after falling back into the middle of the five year average range of storage volumes beginning in January, storage volumes are now at or above the top end of the five year range. April is the start of the shoulder season for natural gas demand. That means demand is low because winter is over and the air conditioning load from hot summer weather has yet to arrive. Industrial and commercial gas demand remains weak as the economic recovery is advancing at a slower than desired pace. But the bigger problem is the continued high level of gas related drilling, especially in the gas shale basins.

The bigger problem is the continued high level of gas related drilling, especially in the gas shale basins.....

There are many pressures on oil and gas companies to drill their gas shale leases even in the face of weak natural gas prices. The need to hold the leases for which many of the companies have spent large sums of money is one pressure. Another is to use the money raised on Wall Street or through joint ventures and/or creative financing ventures. Lastly, the companies have pledged to investors that they will grow their production volumes at above industry growth rates. As a result, when we examine the pattern of changes in rigs drilling.....



For natural gas and rigs drilling horizontal wells compared to the trend in natural gas futures prices, we see why the industry seems reluctant to slow down its drilling.....Read the entire article.


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Gas Prices Reflect Little Worry over Hurricane Forecast

Last week's price action of natural gas futures suggested there is little concern among buyers about the potential for a more active hurricane season disrupting available gas supply from the Gulf of Mexico. Gas prices bounced around the $4 per Mcf level most of the week, responding to news about the upcoming revision to the EIA's 914 survey of domestic gas production and gas storage inventory data rather than recognition that the latest Colorado State University (CSU) hurricane forecasting team had boosted their estimate of the number of tropical storms, hurricanes and major hurricanes.

There is little concern among gas buyers about the potential for a more active hurricane season disrupting available gas supply from the Gulf of Mexico. In its traditional early spring forecast revision, the hurricane forecasting team, led by Professors Philip Klotzbach and William Gray of the Department of Atmospheric Science at CSU, lifted its forecast for the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, major hurricanes and storm days in each category that can be expected this hurricane season into the upper end of its earlier December 9th forecasted ranges.

The forecasting team now expects 15 named storms, eight hurricanes and four major hurricanes. If the forecast materializes, this year's storm season will resemble the hurricane seasons of 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2008. As we know, those years included some of the worst hurricanes to hit the Gulf Coast and Southeast United States in recent years, Katrina, Rita, Ike, Ivan and Isabelle to name a few.



To reinforce the potential for a significantly more active and potentially destructive storm season, the CSU team provided its estimates for hurricane landfalls. The CSU team predicts that a major hurricane has a 45% chance of hitting somewhere along the U.S. East Coast including the Florida peninsula, which compares to a 31% average for the last century. The probability of a major hurricane landing somewhere along the Gulf Coast extending from the Florida Panhandle westward to Brownsville.....Read the entire article.


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A Picture of Our Post Peak Oil Food Supply

We have commented on several books in recent months that highlight how a world with limited oil resources will be forced to change. The idea that people will no longer be able to live in the suburbs and forced to move into metropolitan areas because of the lack of gasoline and high fuel prices seems extreme to us.

The authors of these books believe that much about how Americans live must change as a result of Peak Oil. One change they often point to is that our diets will be different as the cost to deliver certain foods will become prohibitively expensive. Often cited are certain fish and seafood that come from foreign locations. These authors also believe Americans will be reassessing how food supplies are grown, suggesting local gardens and farms will become our primary source of supply.

We recently read Mark Kurlansky's 2009 book,The Food of a Younger Land (Riverhead Books) that offers a peak at how we might be eating in an oil constrained world. The book was based on the lost WPA files. During the Great Depression, the government was confronted with how to deal with stubbornly high unemployment. The Works Progress Administration of the Franklin Roosevelt administration was created to develop projects that would employ workers throughout the economy on government payrolls.....Read the entire article.

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Is There Something Wrong with the Crude Oil Market?

With the official end to summer, the Labor Day weekend, behind us and the nation's largest energy company investor conference underway, the oil market received several shot in the arm positives last week. Wall Street talking heads had a difficult time understanding what was going on with the price of gold and crude oil futures soaring on the first trading day following last Monday's holiday. Gold futures traded over $1,000 an ounce and crude oil prices jumped by $3 a barrel. The inability of the talking heads to explain the phenomenon left us wondering if we were seeing a global investor reaction to Washington politicians returning to work. Those of us living in Texas have a reaction when our legislature goes into session in Austin. We hold onto our wallets during those few months of the legislative session every two years since that is our peak exposure to politicians inflicting serious financial damage on our wellbeing.....Read the entire article